Statistics

Basic concepts of statistics

Basic concepts of statistics: population, sample and variables. The difference between discrete, continuous and random variables, with examples.

Frequency distribution

Frequency distribution in a table and in a graph. Univariate and subgroup distributions, relative and cumulative frequency, and a continuous variable.

Mean, median and mode

What the arithmetic mean is and how to work it out. Calculating it in Excel, and why the mean can mislead with salaries and when to use the median.

Variance

What variance is and what it tells us about data. The formula, a step-by-step calculation using school grades and how to do it in Excel.

Standard deviation

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance and shows how spread out values are around the mean. The formula and how to work it out in Excel.

Probability distribution

The probability distribution of a random variable. Discrete and continuous variables, and the difference between experimental and theoretical probability.

Uniform and normal distributions

The uniform and normal distributions. When you meet each of them in practice and what their graphs look like, including the Gaussian curve.